This graphic, used in the analysis by Desjardin, Thrasher and Gallensky, shows, at left, where elk congregate and in approximate numbers when confronting disturbance from ATVs. At right is the same area but when no recreation was allowed for a period of time. It serves as a baseline for pondering normal elk use in the habitat when recreationists are not present. The datapoints are themselves based on earlier peer-reviewed research.