Has Wildlife Watching Been Getting A Free Ride?

EDITOR'S NOTE: Wildlife viewing in Wyoming generates nearly $500 million. In Yellowstone National Park gateway communities, park visitors in 2021 spent more than $800 million, largely due to the park's draw for wildlife watching and nature tourism. In the essay below, Writers on the Range contributor Kelsey Wellington discusses how one new nonprofit that started in Jackson Hole is changing the way--and the amount--funding is generated and collected for wildlife conservation. Hint: it doesn't place the onus on hunters and anglers. The message is that all who benefit from wildlife watching, especially companies that provide services, ought to give back to protect its habitat and protection. Should the thinking be extended to all in the non-hunting outdoor recreation industry?-- Mountain Journal

There’s a new initiative in Wyoming that’s changing the face of wildlife conservation funding, and it’s already seen huge success in its first year. 

It’s based on the state’s startling mountains, rivers filled with fish and forests where bears and wolves roam—everything that makes Wyoming unrivaled.

That wildlife is managed by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and 85 percent of the cost is funded by hunters and anglers. This happens largely through the sale of hunting and fishing licenses, as well as taxes on related sporting goods through the Pittman-Robertson and Dingell-Johnson Acts. 

But as we all know, hunters and anglers aren’t the only people fascinated by wildlife. The number one reason people travel to Wyoming is to view wild animals, and wildlife watching alone accounts for almost half a billion dollars in state revenue. It also employs over 10,000 people, according to a 2019 study by the University of Wyoming.

Yet the tourism industry that I’m part of as a wildlife guide contributes very little when it comes to funding wildlife conservation.

Taylor Phillips, owner of EcoTour Adventures in Jackson, Wyoming, felt this gap was unfair and wanted to do something about it. Since founding his business in 2008, Phillips has donated more than $115,000 to nonprofits that work to conserve the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. 

The number one reason people travel to Wyoming is to view wild animals, and wildlife watching alone accounts for almost half a billion dollars in state revenue.

Phillips says he expected other wildlife tourism businesses to follow his lead, but very few did. Wanting to change the narrative, Phillips partnered with Chris McBarnes, president of The WYldlife Fund, a partner foundation to the Game and Fish Department that helps fund wildlife projects across Wyoming. 

Together, the two men created Wildlife Tourism for Tomorrow, a nonprofit that funds conservation by targeting businesses and people that depend on wildlife to make their living. These are the companies that run wildlife tours, and the hotels, restaurants and shops that cater to wildlife watchers. 

By tapping into this tourism constituency, the new group has “enormous potential to change the face of funding wildlife conservation in Wyoming,” Phillips says. Diane Shober, executive director of the Wyoming Office of Tourism, agrees, calling Wildlife Tourism for Tomorrow “a crucial initiative” for wildlife conservation, especially as hunting revenues decline. 

Donations are collected from both individuals and businesses through Wildlife Tourism’s website, and donors have the option to select the conservation projects their money helps. 

One project currently in need of funding is the restoration of sagebrush steppe in Grand Teton National Park. In the early 1900s, several thousand acres of land in the park were cultivated for hay production, which fragmented habitat for wildlife. Since 2009, the park has been
working to restore 4,500 acres of former hay fields to sagebrush and grasses, a multiyear project with an annual budget of over $400,000. Funding through Wildlife Tourism for Tomorrow donations helps keep the project going.

The nonprofit also uses the money it raises to build wildlife crossings on highways and install wildlife-friendly fencing along migration corridors. Other contributions go toward restoring wetlands and radio-collaring elk for scientific study.

Diane Shober, executive director of the Wyoming Office of Tourism calls Wildlife Tourism for Tomorrow “a crucial initiative” for wildlife conservation, especially as hunting revenues decline. 

Usually, projects that help wildlife are designed by organizations such as Trout Unlimited, the U.S. Forest Service and the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. Project developers then partner with other interested groups to seek funding through the state’s underfunded Game and Fish Department. Wildlife Tourism for Tomorrow steps in to help fill the gaps in funding. 

Since October of 2021, Wildlife Tourism for Tomorrow has donated over $125,000 that was collected from 68 businesses and dozens of individuals. One of its projects with Trout Unlimited in 2020 contributed $20,000 to keep spawning cutthroat trout from getting trapped in an irrigation system. 

Trout Unlimited’s Leslie Steen appreciated the help. “I’ve seen wildlife tour trips in the area,” Steen said, “and it is really neat to think that those same businesses are now giving back to native fish.”

Wildlife Tourism for Tomorrow has grown quickly in its first year, and support from Wyoming Gov. Mark Gordon has given it more visibility. Meanwhile, Phillips has spent a lot of time spreading the word that people who love wildlife need to step up. For too long, hunters and anglers have been doing the heavy lifting.

Just a suggestion, other Western states—maybe it’s time to get on board.

Kelsey Wellington is a contributor to Writers on the Range, writersontherange.org, an independent nonprofit dedicated to spurring conversation about the West. She works as a wildlife guide in Grand Teton and Yellowstone national parks. Wellington’s work appears here as a collaboration between Mountain Journal and Writers on the Range.

A recommended reading from Mountain Journal: How Do We Prevent Wild Greater Yellowstone from Unraveling? The story explores actions that can be taken as part of a grand strategy to preserve Greater Yellowstone and includes a look at having a small tax on all outdoor gear and clothing separate from two now being paid only by hunters and anglers.